The Buhl Planetarium |
Zeiss II Projector: |
NEWS: Planetarium, Astronomy/Sky Events, Space, Science; PRECISE TIME, WEATHER
Ask an Expert from Friends of the Zeiss!
Images and Information: City of Pittsburgh's Only Public Observing Session
New Book:
Theaters of Time and Space
Buhl Planetarium Operated for the Public: October 24, 1939 through August 31, 1991 [Operated by Carnegie Institute from January, 1987 through February, 1994] This Internet, World Wide Web Site is dedicated to the history of a pioneer in the fields of planetaria and informal Science education for the public: The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania U.S.A. Most people referred to the entire institution as simply "Buhl Planetarium" [except from 1982 February through 1991 August, when it was known as the Buhl Science Center]. This should not be confused with the Henry Buhl, Jr. Planetarium and Observatory, located in Pittsburgh's Carnegie Science Center, which is also sometimes referred to as "Buhl Planetarium."The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science was the fifth major planetarium erected in the United States. The original Buhl Planetarium includes a Zeiss Mark II Planetarium Projector, now the oldest operable, major planetarium projector in the world ! And, this was the first planetarium projector in the world to be placed on an elevator, a fairly unique "worm-gear" elevator custom-built by Pittsburgh's Westinghouse Electric Company, for greater flexibility in the "Theater of the Stars." The Planetarium Theater was also the first in the world to include a stage for theatrical performances ! The original Buhl Planetarium also includes a rather unique telescope specifically designed for public viewing, although constructed at professional observatory standards. The 10-inch "Siderostat-type" Refractor Telescope, dedicated by famous Astronomer Harlow Shapley in 1941, allows the public to view celestial objects from a warm observing room, during the cold-weather months! This telescope is the world's second largest operable Siderostat-type telescope ! The exterior of the building is constructed of Indiana Limestone, with much of the interior walls[and the Foucault Pendulum Pit] composed of Florentine Marble. In the first floor's Great Hall is a large map of the world, originally created by the United States Maritime Commission for the 1939 World's Fair in New York City. At the time of creation, it was considered the largest Mercator's Projection map in the world ! The original Buhl Planetarium, which was dedicated 1939 October 24, closed as a public museum on 1991 August 31. It continued to be used as a tutorial center for The Carnegie Science Center's Science and Computer classes until 1994 February. The building and historic equipment have not been used for the benefit of the public since 1994. The historic Zeiss II Planetarium Projector and the 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope were nearly sold to Navarro College in central Texas in 1995, simply for display as antique equipment; there was no plan to actually use this historic equipment. The Council of the City of Pittsburgh wisely chose to keep this historic equipment in Pittsburgh; the original Buhl Planetarium building, property, equipment, and artifacts are the property of the City of Pittsburgh. The Pittsburgh Children's Museum, located across the street from the original Buhl Planetarium building[in the 1897 Old Allegheny Post Office building], has presented a proposal to use the original Buhl Planetarium building as part of an expanded Children's Museum/Center. However, currently, the Pittsburgh Children's Museum's proposal does not include retention of the historic equipment or other artifacts remaining in the original Buhl Planetarium building. Dismantling of the historic Zeiss II Planetarium Projector and the 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope will result, if the current Pittsburgh Children's Museum and Center proposal proceeds without modification. Although there is a proposal for reassembly of this equipment at The Carnegie Science Center, the author seriously doubts that the Science Center would actually spend nearly one million dollars to make this equipment functional, once again--particularly considering that the Science Center currently has state-of-the-art planetarium and observatory equipment. Hence, under this proposal, if there is any reassembly of the equipment, they would be reassembled as non-functioning, antique artifacts. Considering that this equipment does function in its original installation, where they are currently located, the disassembly and possible reassembly of non-functioning artifacts would seriously degrade the historic value of this equipment. This historic equipment was custom-built for use in the original Buhl Planetarium building. These two pieces of equipment could not be used elsewhere without duplicating the original Planetarium Theater and the original Astronomical Observatory at a cost of nearly one million dollars. The author has formed an organization, named " Friends of the Zeiss", to work to preserve the historic Zeiss II Planetarium Projector, 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope, and other artifacts such as the Mercator's Projection Map of the World(largest map in the world when created for the 1939 World's Fair in New York City), and the Nat Youngblood mural on the history of steel technology(commissioned by the U.S. Steel Corporation) in the original Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science building, located in Allegheny Center on Pittsburgh's Lower North Side. The original name of this organization, "The People's Planetarium and Observatory", was derived from the historic name of Buhl Planetarium's original Astronomical Observatory, "The People's Observatory". For simplicty, the name was changed to Friends of the Zeiss. For legal reasons, it was decided not to include the word "Buhl" in the name of this new organization. The author has told Pittsburgh City Council that a not-for-profit organization, with 501(c)(3) IRS tax-exempt status, will be formed, to raise funds to maintain these pieces of historic equipment and artifacts, if they remain in the Buhl Planetarium building; the tax-exempt status of Friends of the Zeiss is pending. Click here for mission and organizational information about Friends of the Zeiss. Friends of the Zeiss is currently working to convince Children's Museum and City officials that retention and funtionality of the historic Zeiss II Planetarium Projector and the 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope, in the original Buhl Planetarium building, will complement the proposed Pittsburgh Children's Museum and Center. Another group working to preserve The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science is called "Save the Buhl". Click here to read a brief history of The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science. Or click here to go straight to the web site's Master Index.
About the AuthorThe author of this Internet, World Wide Web Site is Glenn A. Walsh, a free-lance writer and Internet web page designer in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania U.S.A. Mr. Walsh received a B.A. in Journalism, with emphasis in Urban Affairs (Honors Program, Phi Eta Sigma, Phi Beta Kappa), from the University of Kentucky in 1978. Mr. Walsh graduated from the Shaler Area High School in 1974, in the Pittsburgh suburb of Shaler Township, where he was a member of the National Honor Society.Mr. Walsh heads a new not-for-profit organization, Friends of the Zeiss; he serves as Project Director and on the Steering Committee of the organization. This organization seeks to preserve the functionality of the historic equipment and artifacts of a pioneer in the history of the development of planetaria and museums of the physical sciences, Pittsburgh's Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science, including the Zeiss II Planetarium Projector, now the oldest operable major planetarium projector in the world ! Mr. Walsh has participated in informal science education since 1972, and he has nearly twenty years of professional experience in the planetarium, museum, and public library fields. Much of this experience was with Carnegie Museums and Carnegie Libraries in the Pittsburgh region, where industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie amassed his fortune in the steel industry. Mr. Walsh is a noted authority on the life of Andrew Carnegie and the history of the libraries and museums he founded. Mr. Walsh authors an Internet web site on the History of Andrew Carnegie and Carnegie Libraries at URL: < http://www.andrewcarnegie.cc >. Mr. Walsh also served as the Consulting Editor of the 1999 April issue ( Link 1 *** Link 2) of Cobblestone magazine; the theme of this particular issue was the life and philanthropies of Andrew Carnegie. Cobblestone Magazine is a national history magazine for children in the United States, published in Peterborough, New Hampshire. Mr. Walsh served as a Life Trustee on the Board of Trustees of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall of Carnegie, Pennsylvania (a suburb just southwest of the City of Pittsburgh) from 1995 April 20 (96th anniversary of the legal founding of the Library by Andrew Carnegie) through 2000 June 6. He served one year as the Library Board's Treasurer and two years as the Board's Secretary, and he served as the Library's Historian. He managed the Library's annual Summer Reading Program for young people, in the Summer of 1995, and he taught a monthly, one-day, "Introduction to the Internet" class for library patrons, from 1996 through 2001. Mr. Walsh also coordinated the weekly tours of the Library's Civil War Museum, The Captain Thomas Espy Post, Number 153, Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. Walsh was employed in several capacities with a pioneer in the history of the development of planetaria and museums of the physical sciences, The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science in Pittsburgh (a.k.a. Buhl Science Center) and its successor, The Carnegie Science Center, from June of 1982 through January of 1992. Among the several positions Mr. Walsh held during this time span were Astronomical Observatory Coordinator (five years); Planetarium Lecturer (three years); and Curator of the "BioCorner" Embryology Exhibit (a Life Sciences exhibit which Mr. Walsh created in 1983 for Buhl Planetarium, at the request of the then-new Buhl President, Joshua C. Whetzel, Jr.), which included the hatching of chicks (and occasionally ducklings) in public view every weekend (and during major holiday periods) year-round (four years). He taught a chicken embryology class in the Summer of 1984. On 1987 January 1, the Buhl Science Center merged with The Carnegie Institute to become one of The Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. A new Carnegie Science Center [constructed on the north bank (i.e. North Shore) of the Ohio River], located one mile southwest of the Buhl Planetarium building, replaced the Buhl Science Center on 1991 October 5. During high school and college years, Mr. Walsh served as General Manager of an educational radio station ( WLCR-AM Carrier Current), operated by Camp Shaw-Mi-Del-Eca in the Lewisburg/ White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia area, while also employed as a Camp Counselor during the Summers of 1972 through 1977. Mr. Walsh was granted a Third Class Commercial Radiotelephone License with Broadcast Endorsement, by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), in March of 1972. Mr. Walsh was the instructor for a radio course, which taught FCC regulations and radio theory necessary for the acquisition of a Third Class Commercial Radiotelephone License with Broadcast Endorsement. In addition to teaching this course to interested campers at Camp Shaw-Mi-Del-Eca during the camping season, he also taught this course as part of a leisure learning program at the University of Kentucky in 1975. Several campers at Camp Shaw-Mi-Del-Eca did take this course and subsequently succeeded in passing the FCC examination for a Third Class "ticket" (Note: The FCC no longer offers Third Class radio licenses.). In addition to the Board of Trustees of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall, Mr. Walsh has served on numerous other boards and committees including: * Allegheny County Library Association (ACLA) Federated Library System - Delegate: 1995-1999
* Southwestern Pennsylvania Regional Planning Commission (SPRPC) Citizen Advisory Panel -
1994-1998 * Municipality of Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania Sidewalk Task Force - 1992-1993 * Port Authority of Allegheny County (PAT), Allegheny County Transit Council (ACTC) - 1984-1989 (Charter Member) * Allegheny Conference on Community Development Transit Planning Advisory Task Force - 1987
* Southwestern Pennsylvania Regional Planning Commission (SPRPC) Citizens' Transit Advisory
Committee - 1980-1981 * Transit Advocates and Patrons (TAP: PAT spelled backwards) - Community organization promoting improved public transportation in Pittsburgh region; dissolved with 1984 establishment of official PAT citizens' advisory council - 1980-1984 Mr. Walsh delivered an invited address, before the Great Lakes Planetarium Association on 2001 October 13, regarding the history of The Buhl Planetarum and Institute of Popular Science, a pioneer in the history of the development of planetaria and museums of the physical sciences. Mr. Walsh organized the celebration of the centennial of the dedication of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall, including delivery of the address on the history of the Library, on 2002 October 8. Mr. Walsh participated in a three-person panel for the Carnegie Libraries: Challenges and Solutions educational session at the 2006 National Preservation Conference in Pittsburgh, sponsored annually by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and locally (2006) sponsored by the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation. Mr. Walsh's presentation was titled, "Primary Impediments to Historic Preservation: EGO and MONEY !" Mr. Walsh authored articles, regarding three historic Pittsburgh astronomers (John A. Brashear, Samuel Pierpont Langley, and James E. Keeler), for The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers published in 2007. Mr. Walsh contributed the article, "How We Learn about the Universe," in the May/June 2008 issue (page 18 of the 28-page issue) of the new Spigot Science Magazine, an exciting, new, on-line science magazine for young people and classrooms - grades 4 through 7; the theme of this issue was "The Universe." A subscription to this new Internet resource is easy and free-of-charge, and the subscription provides access to all past issues. Mr. Walsh created and manages several educational web sites on the Internet. He also created the web site of The Duquesne Incline of Pittsburgh; this web site was originally hosted, for educational purposes, on the domain of The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, through their Carnegie Library Community Network/Three Rivers Free-Net, in association with the Electronic Information Network For Public Libraries in Allegheny County. The Internet web sites of The Duquesne Incline and the historic Transit of the Planet Venus Across the Image of the Sun on 2004 June 8 (adjoining the Friends of the Zeiss web site) are hosted for educational, non-commercial purposes by the new Pittsburgh Free.Net. To contact the author:
Telephone: 412-561-7876 U.S. Mail:
Glenn A. Walsh
History of |
The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science: |
Zeiss II Projector:
Oldest Operable Major |
Internet Web Site Master Index
Authored By
Glenn A. Walsh *** Sponsored By
Friends of the Zeiss
Internet World Wide Web Site: < http://www.planetarium.cc > ***
Internet Web Site Credits and Special Thanks
This Master Index: <
https://buhlplanetarium.tripod.com/#Index >
Electronic Mail: < jake@planetarium.cc >
General |
Planetarium & |
Institute & |
Building |
Related |
Bios: Building |
Astronomical |
Other |
Other Important Information
Eclipse of the Sun / Solar Eclipse: |
Quick Reference |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - |
Web Site |
Buhl Planetarium: |
Oldest |
What is |
Friends of the Zeiss Mission & |
"Update" Year-End Report for 2008 December: |
News Archives |
Friends of the Zeiss |
Save the Buhl |
Friends of the Zeiss Response to City RFP: |
Buhl Planetarium Nominatedby Friends of the ZeissTo Be Historic Landmark; Historic Designation: 2005 August |
Amateur Science Clubs |
Associated Organization: |
Images and Information: Pittsburgh's Only Public Observing Session
of the Historic Transit of Venus - 2004 June 8
Co-Sponsored By:
Friends of the Zeiss and
The Duquesne Incline
New Book:
Theaters of Time and Space
American Planetaria, 1930-1970
By Jordan D. Marche II
Discusses the beginning of planetarium theaters in America, with some emphasis on the first five major American planetaria built in the 1930s, including Pittsburgh's Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science.
Web Site Cover
Page
Buhl Planetarium "Firsts" and World Records
Buhl Planetarium Quick History & Current Building Use by Children's Museum
Brief History of The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science, Pittsburgh
Buhl
Fact Sheet
Historical
Highlights
History
Photo Album
Historic
News Articles
Art in Pittsburgh’s Original Buhl Planetarium
History of
the Lower North Side of Pittsburgh
Henry Buhl, Jr. Biography
Boggs and Buhl Department Store (1869 to 1958) history article
The Buhl Foundation, which funded construction of Buhl Planetarium and subsidized operations 1939 - 1982:
*
Official Web Site
*
Biography: Henry Buhl, Jr.
*
Excerpts from the Last Will and Testament of Henry Buhl, Jr.
*
History of Buhl Foundation:
Link 1 ***
Link 2
*
Excerpt: Buhl Foundation Annual Report, 2004-2005 regarding 2005 designation of Buhl Planetarium as historic structure
Allegheny City Hall (circa 1864 to 1937) (formerly occupied site of The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science)
Institutional Neighbors of The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science
*
Allegheny Public Square Plaza/Park (formerly Ober Park)
*
America's First Publicly-Funded Carnegie Library: original Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Allegheny Regional Branch (formerly Carnegie Free Library of Allegheny)
* World's First
Carnegie Hall, now home to the
New Hazlett Theater
*
Old Allegheny Post Office, now home to the
Children's Museum of Pittsburgh
*
National Aviary (formerly Pittsburgh Conservatory-Aviary)
*
The Carnegie Science Center and
U.S.S. Requin Submarine
* Now demolished
Boggs and Buhl Department Store
*
Allegheny Center Mall and Office and Apartment Complex
*
NRG Thermal Natural Gas Steam Plant
*
Allegheny Traditional Academy Elementary School and Middle School (originally Allegheny High School)
*
Martin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School
*
Cardinal Wright Regional Catholic Elementary School (formerly Saint Peter's Elementary School)
Buhl
Publications
Proof
of the Pudding:
Achievements of Buhl Alumni, 1939-1989
Buhl Planetarium Assists in Creation of The Astronomical League
Adler Planetarium
and Astronomy Museum, Chicago -- Inspiration for The Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular
Science, Pittsburgh
Construction of Buhl Planetarium --
*
Construction Photographs
*
Outer Planetarium Dome
History of Planetaria in the World
Oldest Planetarium ?
Historic "The Star of Bethlehem" Planetarium Sky Drama at Buhl Planetarium
Images and Information: Pittsburgh's Only Public Observing Session
"The
People's Observatory" -
Buhl's Astronomical Observatory
Eclipse of the Sun: Safety Tips
1995 May 18: Citizens Stop Sale of Buhl Planetarium's historic Zeiss II Planetarium Projector and 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope to Out-of-State College
Oldest Planetarium ?
Historic "The Star of Bethlehem" Planetarium Sky Drama at Buhl Planetarium
History of the Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago (Inspiration for Buhl Planetarium)
Histories of Other Planetaria
Henry Buhl, Jr.
Planetarium and Observatory at The
Carnegie Science Center
* Pittsburgh-Area Astronauts -- James B. Irwin *** Judith A. Resnik *** Jay Apt *** Mike Fincke
* Tycho Brahe - 16th century Astronomer:
Astronomers Whose Names Are
Inscribed on Buhl Planetarium Exterior Walls,
* Galileo Galilei:
Bio 1 ***
Bio 2
* Johannes Kepler:
Bio 1 ***
Bio 2 ***
Quotes
* Tycho Brahe:
Bio ***
Classic Buhl Planetarium Astronomy exhibit "Tycho Brahe's Mural Quadrant"
* Nicolaus Copernicus:
Bio ***
Info Regarding Portrait Displayed at Buhl Planetarium
* Claudius Ptolemy:
Bio 1 ***
Bio 2
*
Hipparchus
Important days in history of universe
* 1969 July 20 - The Historic Mission of Apollo 11, Man Walks on the Moon for the First Time
History of Astronomer, Educator, and Optician John A. Brashear
History of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall, Carnegie,
Pennsylvania
History of the Civil War Museum of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library,
Carnegie, Pennsylvania
Antique Telescope Society and information regarding the Society's September, 2001 Convention in Pittsburgh.
History of The
Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
History of The Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, Illinois
History of the Allegheny Observatory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - Link 1 *** Link 2
History of the Lower North Side of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Allegheny City Society,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Senator John Heinz Pittsburgh
Regional History Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Andrew Carnegie and Carnegie Libraries Photo Album
History Cover Page for the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall, Carnegie, Pennsylvania
History Cover
Page for The Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Historic Old Saint Luke Church, Burial Ground and Garden, Carnegie, Pennsylvania
The Camelot?[??s International Philanthropy Museum[in planning]
Your Use of
Museum's Web Portal, for Searches, Helps Raise Funds for Museum--At NO COST To
You!
Quick-Reference Page - Historic Attractions
This Internet Web Page: <
http://buhlplanetarium.tripod.com >
Internet Web Cover Page: <
http://www.planetarium.cc >
Electronic Mail: <
Jake@planetarium.cc >
This Internet, World Wide Web Site administered by Glenn A.
Walsh.
Unless otherwise indicated, all pages in this web site are --
(C) Copyright 1999-2008,
Glenn A. Walsh, All Rights Reserved.
The author thanks
The Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh and the Three Rivers Free-Net
for use of their digital scanner and
other computer equipment, and other
assistance provided in the production of this web site.
Internet Web Site Credits and Special Thanks.
Contact Web Site Administrator:
Jake@planetarium.cc
This Internet Web Site originally created 1999 September 5; moved to Lycos' Tripod.com
domain 2000 August 8.
Last modified : Tuesday, 10-Nov-2009 17:53:22 EST.
You are visitor number , to this web page,
since 2000 August 8.